Government of India Act 1858
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| Govt of India Act 1858 |
The Government of India Act was enacted in 1858 by the British Parliament as a result of the Sepoy Mutiny in the First War of Independence of 1857. This act was called the Queen's Proclamation.
Through this act, Queen Victoria took over the administration of India from her direct successor, the East India Company. That is, through this act, the East India Company was abolished and the administration of India was transferred directly to the British Empire. So this act can be said to be the most important adultery act.
Features of Government of India Act 1858
1)Responsibility of administering India (Government of India) was transferred from the East India Company to the British Empire. It is called devolution.
2)The term Governor General of India was changed to Viceroy of India. The Viceroy was the direct representative of the British Empire in India. Lord Canning was appointed as the first Viceroy of India.
3) The dual-government system was brought to an end by abolishing the company's governing bodies such as the Board of Control and the Board of Directors.
4) A new post of Secretary of State for India was created. All the officers of the Indian administration and control over the administrative system were given to the Indian State Executive. He was a member of the British Cabinet, ultimately responsible to the British Parliament. All responsibility, direction, supervision and control rested with the Secretary of State.
5) A 15-member Council of India was established to assist the Governor of India in administration. This board was an advisory body. The Secretary of State for India was empowered to override the decisions of the Board and take the final decision himself. The Secretary of State for India was made the Chairman of the Board.
6) The Secretary of State for India including the Council of India was declared a body corporate.
7) The India Council was to meet at least once a week under the chairmanship of the Secretary of State for India. He was empowered to issue orders regarding peace, negotiation and war without consulting the Council of India.
8) A centralized system was implemented. Civil, military, executive and legislative powers were all concentrated in the Governor with a committee. He was responsible to the Prime Minister of India.
9) All revenue from India was to be paid in the name of Rani of England. But the matters of expenditure to be incurred in India were to be dealt with by the Secretary of State.
10) The administrative expenses and salaries of the members of the India Council were to be paid by the Government of India. The Secretary of this Board should send an annual report to the British Parliament on the finances of India and its progress.
11)The power to frame the rules for the recruitment of civil service personnel through competitive examination was vested in the Council of the Secretary of India.
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