About Volcanoes ( VOLCANOES )
What is a volcano?
Magma in the mantle layer of the earth's interior is pressurized by high temperature and ejected with the debris, steam, gas, and ash through the vents of the weak layers of the earth's crust.
A volcano is a vent through which gases, superheated hot water, lava & rock erupt from the Earth's interior to the outside. A pore area in the earth's crust through which volcanic material flows out is called a "conduit". A crater-shaped crater formed by the slope of a volcanic mountain is called a "Caldera". Volcanology is the scientific study of volcanoes.
Vulcan is an ancient Greek mountain. At the base of this mountain is the goddess Vulcan. It is believed by the Greeks that this goddess spews out volcanic material when she is angry. Even today many volcanoes are worshiped under the name of Agni Deva.
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| Volcanoes |
Example = Mount Fujiyama in Japan
How do volcanoes form?
* The deeper the earth goes, the higher the temperature and the pressure, the more magma is pushed out.
* Groundwater in the earth is converted into gas and water due to excessive heat.
* Rock growth from high pressure to low pressure i.e. crust.
Types of Volcanoes :-
Volcanoes are divided into 3 types based on the probability of eruption.
1) Active volcano
2) Dormant Volcano
3) An extinct volcano
1) Active Volcano :-
A volcano that is constantly spewing out solid, liquid & gaseous material is called an "active volcano".
Example = Maunaloa in Hawaii Island, Mount Etna in Sicily, Italy, and Stromboli, Cotopakshi in the Andes Mountains in South America, Paricutin in Mexico, Pinatoba in the Philippines, U. S.A. U Saint Helena and Ijalco of Salvador. Stromboli is known as the home of Mediterranean sea lights. Izalco has been called the "Lighthouse of Central America".
2) Dormant Volcano :-
Dormant volcanoes are active for a long period of time without giving any indication of eruption. These volcanoes cause huge damage to human life & property. Example = Mt Vesovius in Italy Mt Fujiyama in Japan Mt Krakatoa in Indonesia Kilimanjaro in Tanzania & Mt Peli in West Indies volcanoes.
3) Lupti Volcano :-
These are called "extinguishing volcanoes". Active at any time of history Volcanoes have remained active throughout history. As no material is likely to come out of these, "sleeping" & "dead" are called Jawvalamukhi.
Example = Chimboroso in South Africa, Gorangoro in Tanzania, Ankangua in Argentina, Eifel (Myanmar), Scotland Ardhasrit in India in Gujarat Girnar Hills and Andaman Nicobar Islands.
Famous volcanoes
1) Mount Vesuvius (Italy)
2) Krakatoa (Indonesia)
3) Mount Pelee (West Indies)
4) Mount Fujiyama (Japan)
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