Iron ore
1. After bauxite, the most abundant ore on earth is iron
2. Iron ore land is 4% of total mineral resources.
3. 98% of iron ore is used to make steel. The iron available in India is of good grade and has 60% iron content.
4. Hematite & Magnetite ores are found in India.
5. India has the 2nd largest iron ore reserves in Asia. Russia is in first place.
6. China, Australia, Brazil, followed by India produce the most iron in the world.
7. India ranks 6th in world iron reserves and 4th in production.
8. India is the 2nd largest producer of iron in Asia.
9. The state of Karnataka has the highest iron ore reserves in India. Odisha is the first state in production.
Types of iron ores
1) Magnetite
2) Hematite
3) Limotite
4) Siderite
1) Magnetite :-
1. It is an ore with high iron content (72%). Hence it is called a good grade iron ore.
2. Magnetite can be chemically written as Feo, Fe2O3. Because it contains one part eucite (FeO) and one part hematite (Fe2O3).
3. Naturally occurring magnetite has magnetic properties and is called "Lode Stone".
4. Magnetite ore is of great importance as it contains vanadium, bitanium & chromium. Magnetite is black in color. Hence it is called "black ore".
5. Deposits are found in the Atacama region of Chile in South America. They are found in Kairuna and Sweden.
6. Magnetite rings have recently arrived.
7. Karnataka accounts for 89 percent of the country's total magnetite ore.
8. It is found in the states of Jharkhand, Goa, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka & Maharashtra in India.
2) Hematite :-
1. India has the largest hematite ore in the world. It is called red ore.
2. Iron content is 70%.
3. Hematite ore accounts for 75% of the total iron ore available in India.
4. In India hematite ore is found in Dharwad-Kadapa rocks.
5. Hematite ore deposits in India are found in Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh & Rajasthan.
3) Limonite :-
1. Contains 50 to 60 percent iron.
2. It is yellow
3. It contains high amount of moisture.
4. India's Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh have deposits of limotite.
5. Limetite deposits are found in India in small quantities.
4) Siderite
1. It is a poor grade iron ore
2. Ore with 48% iron content
3. It is called "brown ore" due to high amount of iron carbonate. It is made by combining hematite and magnetite ore as it contains less iron.
4. Siderite ore does not brown in India.
Note:- Iron ore is divided into four main types based on the amount of mineral content & amount of impurities it contains.
They are-
1) Magnetite
2) Hematite
3) Limotite
4) Siderite
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