CHARTER ACT 1793
This Act made the Governor-General the Commander-in-Chief of the East India Company's military forces in India. In special circumstances, the Governor-General was given special powers to override the decisions of the Council and take discretionary decisions.
Features of Charter Act -1793 :-
1. Allowed the members of the Board of Control and other functionaries of the company to receive remuneration from the Treasury of India.
2. The Governor General and Governors were empowered to reject the decision of their Councils.
3.The company held a monopoly in trade with India for another twenty years.
4. Greater control of the Governor General over the Bombay and Madras Presidencies.
5. The Act prohibited the Chief of Army Staff from becoming a member of the Governor General's Council.
CHARTER ACT 1833
Features of Charter Act -1833 :-
1 This Act made Governor General of Bengal Governor General of India and gave him all civil and military authorities. Now through this Act, for the first time, the Government of India was established which had control over all the territories of British India. Lord William Benting became the first Governor General of India.
2. By this Act the legislative powers of the Governors of Bombay and Madras Provinces were taken away. Legislative powers relating to the whole of British India were vested in the Governor General of India. The laws framed under these earlier Acts were called Rules and the laws framed under the Charter Act 1833 were called Acts.
3. This act put an end to all commercial activities of the East India Company. By this the East India Company gave up its commercial activities and became a full-fledged administrative body.
4. The Act sought to implement a competitive system of selection of members of the civil service. This Act included a rule that Indians could not be restricted from holding any post, position or employment. But this point was rejected due to the opposition of the Court of Directors.
5. A Law Commission was appointed under the chairmanship of Lord Macaulay.
6.The Governor General's Executive Council was expanded with the addition of 4th member.
CHARTER ACT-1853 (CHARTER ACT 1853)
Salient Features of Charter Act 1853:-
1. This Act separated the legislative and executive functions of the Governor-General's Council for the first time. This Act allowed for the addition of 6 new members called Legislative Councilors to the Governor General's Council thus establishing a separate Governor General's Legislative Council. It was called Legislative Council by Indians. Acting like a mini-parliament, the Council's legislature adopts British parliamentary rules.
2. The Act provided for a system of selection and appointment of candidates to Government services through open competitive examinations. This allowed Indians to be recruited to higher civil services. Accordingly the Mekhale Samiti (Indian Civil Services Committee) was appointed in 1854.
3. This act provided local representation in the Indian Legislative Council for the first time. Of the 6 new statutory members of the Council of Governors General, 4 members were appointed from the local governments of Madras, Bombay, Bengal and Agra.
4. The Act stated that the salaries of the members of the Board of Control, the Secretary and other officers should be determined by the British Government and paid out of the income of the company.
5. The number of members of the Court of Directors was reduced from 24 to 18. The act stated that out of these 18 members, 6 should be appointed from the British Empire.
6. The Court of Directors was empowered to create new Presidencies and to modify the boundaries of existing Presidencies to suit the inclusion of newly conquered territory.
7. The Governor General was relieved of the administrative responsibility of the province of Bengal. A separate governor was appointed for the province of Bengal.
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| charter act 1793 |
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