Copper
▶ "Copper" is the first metal used by man.
▶ Humans started using copper ten thousand years ago.
▶ 3900 BC in Egypt and BC. By 3000 BC the use of copper was common in India.
▶ The first copper deposit in India was discovered by Laventine Ball Thomas Holland in Jharkhand in 1903 when he surveyed the copper deposit areas.
▶ Atomic number of copper is 29
▶ Based on Sir Thomas Holland's report, Subsurface Survey Department (JSI) conducted extensive survey of copper ores.
▶ The age when man used copper is called "Copper Age" or "Chalcolithic Age".
▶ In ancient times, Tamar was found prominently in the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, so it was called the Cyprian metal. Its chemical symbol is "Cu" and copper cyprien.
▶ Axes and cutting tools used by prehistoric man were copper tools, they were made by hammering small amounts of copper found in rocks.
▶ Prehistoric man learned the art of making tin into a much harder alloy called bronze. Since then the Bronze Age began.
Availability of Copper
▶ Copper is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's outer layer. It is available in pure form or in compound form.
▶ Copper occurs naturally in the earth along with iron, sulphur, etc.
Quotation of Copper :-
Combined copper is usually extracted from copper pyrite, which is extracted by froth flotation.
▶ Electrolysis method is followed to obtain pure copper.
Physical Properties of Copper
▶ Copper is soft. Fits any shape. Hence it is the basic raw material of industries.
▶ Copper is brown in color.
▶ Its boiling point is 2563 degree cm.
▶ Its melting point is 1085 degree cm.
Copper Alloys
▶ Tin is added to copper to form bronze.
▶ Brass is formed when zinc is added to copper.
▶ Copper is mixed with nickel and zinc to form German silver.
Uses of Copper
▶ Copper is the best electrical conductor after silver. So it is widely used in electric wire, electric generator, electric motor, electric switches, electric machine, electric equipment.
▶ It is the 2nd most important metal used in metal industries after iron.
▶ Copper has high corrosion resistance, ductility, strength and high conductivity for electricity and heat. Hence it is an important metal.
▶ Monel metal is obtained by mixing copper with nickel metal as copper has corrosion resistance properties. It is very hard and used in construction of chemical industries.
▶ Copper is used in making weapons
▶ Copper is used in household utensils, friction machine parts, self-driving vehicles, telephone and telephone wire, radio, refrigerant, air control and war materials.
▶ Copper has insecticidal properties. Hence it is used in the preparation of pesticides. Copper sulphate is used in calico printing and in the manufacture of dyes.
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