Gold
1 It is a yellow lustrous metal.
2 It is a rare metal
3 Chemical symbol of gold is -Au
4 The Latin name for gold is Aurum.
5 Gold was known to man from the Copper Age (Chadolithic Age).
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Gold Uses
1 It is used as jewelry and coin.
2 A red or indigo pigment made from a solution of chlorides of tin and gold, Xasius' indigo is used for coloring glass.
3 Medically gold is used as gold leaf. Used in making electron microscopes.
4 Gold is converted into thread and used in embroidery works.
Gold Properties
1 It is a very soft metal. Gold is hardened by alloying with copper and silver to make jewellery. Gold does not react with air, water, acids, alkalis.
2 One gram of gold can be made into a square meter long sheet.
3 Gold can also be dissolved by potassium or sodium cyanide.
4 Gold cyanide is used as electrolyte.
5 Metals are used in electroplating process to give luster like gold
6 Gold is insoluble in nitric acid. So Nitric acid is used in gold refining and when gold is assayed, Nitric acid is also used in acid test. Nitric acid dissolves silver and other metals. Gold dissolves with mercury to form amalgam but does not react with mercury.
Gold Production (Country wise):-
China (399.7 tons) ranks first in gold production in the world. Then Australia at 2nd place (312 tons), Russia at 3rd place (218.5 tons), Canada at 4th place (193 tons), Indonesia at 5th place (190 tons)
Distribution of gold at international level
* Until 1905, Africa was the world's largest producer of gold.
* Johannesburg, Africa had the largest number of gold mines currently produced in China, Australia, Russia, USA, and Canada.
* A quarter of the world's gold has been discovered in the Antacoma desert in South Africa, between Chile and Argentina.
* South Dakota, Nevada in the United States supplies 2/3 of the gold in the United States.
Distribution of Gold in India
* It is a small gold producing country if the world production is taken into account. India currently produces 3,363 kg of gold every year.
* India's gold production has decreased in recent times as the processing cost in gold mines is higher than the value of the gold produced, which has led to the closure of gold mines in India.
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