Monsoon Wind/ Rainy season
Monsoon season in India is half of rainy season. Rainfall in India is caused by "monsoon winds" which are hydrostatic winds that bring rain to most parts of India. Monsoon rains arrive in two ways.
1) Arabian Sea Division
2) Bay of Bengal Division
1) Arabian Sea Division [Arrival of Monsoon Winds] :-
This section extends towards the low pressure side of the Dhar desert. This segment is 3 times stronger than the Bay of Bengal segment and will enter Indian land on May 25. It reaches the north-east direction and continues towards the Himalayas. South India receives more rainfall than North India from the Arabian Sea monsoon winds.
2) Bay of Bengal Division [Arrival of Monsoon Winds] :-
It rains over Andaman & Nicobar Islands. These are rushes to important areas of India. Bay of Bengal division from Kanyakumari Bhushira to Odisha state. Then turning in a north-westerly direction to reach the Indo-Gangtak plain. Monsoon winds from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea meet near Chhotanagpur region.
Monsoon winds in India are mainly divided into 2 types
1) Southwest Monsoon
2) Northeast Monsoon
1) South West Monsoon (Monsoon):-
India receives 75% of its rainfall during the southwest monsoon. Due to rains in late May, the sun's rays fall directly on central India (Northern Hemisphere side), so the temperature in north-west India is high. This creates a low pressure area over Rajasthan. This low pressure attracts the trade winds from south of the equator.
Feral Rule:
These winds cross the equator and change their direction according to Kodale Feral's law and become Southwest Monsoon winds. The southwest monsoon winds over India originate in the Southern Hemisphere. Hence these are called Southern Hemisphere Winds or Water Hemisphere Winds.
Extent of South West Monsoon and Crops Grown :-
Southwest Monsoon is also known as "monsoon". It rains in most parts of India. 75% of India's total annual rainfall falls during this time. Except for Tamil Nadu & Punjab, most of India receives rainfall from southwest monsoon winds.
Crops :- Southwest Monsoon period is from June to September. The crops grown during this rain are called Kharif crops
Eg: Paddy, Maize, corn, Cotton.
2) North East Monsoon (North East Monsoons):-
The rain received by the north-east winds is called Hingaru rain. This is called the season of outgoing monsoon winds. The period of Northeast Monsoon occurs from late September to early December. About 13 percent of the total annual rainfall of the country is received from this wind. As the northeasterly winds move towards the low pressure area, the Bay of Bengal, a cyclonic wind blows towards the eastern coast.
Extent and Crops of Northeast Monsoon Wind:
Tamilnadu state receives heavy rains from north-easterly winds. During this period some ports on the East Coast (Tamil Nadu) [Chennai, Ennore, Titukorean] cease their operations.
Crops: Crops like wheat, barley, peas, mustard are grown.
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