Ganges river
It is the national river and the longest river of India, flowing through the plains of northern India through Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal into Bangladesh and then into the Bay of Bengal.(Ganga river)
The holy river of India, the Ganges first originates as separate rivers Bhagiradhi in Gangotri and Alaknanda in Gomukh and confluences in Devprayag (Uttarkhand) to form the Ganges and flows through the narrow valleys of the Himalayan mountains to the west and southwest, leaving the Himalayas after Rishikesh and entering the plains near Haridwar.
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| Ganga River |
River Yamuna joins River Ganges near Allahabad (Prayag Raj) in Uttar Pradesh.
* River Ganga is 2,525 km. m long flows.
* Coastal cities -- Haridwar, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Patna.
* Countries concerned -- India & Bangladesh.
* Flowing States -- Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal.
* Dams – Farakka Dam (near West Bengal) and Tehari Dam in Uttarakhand.
The source rivers of Ganga are:-
Bhagiradhi River and Alakananda River
Left Bank Tributaries :-
Ram Ganga, Gomati, Karnali (Ghagra), Gandaki, Mahakali, Kosi.
Right Bank Tributaries :-
Yamuna and Sona.
The main rivers of Ganges are:-
1) Bhagiradhi River :-
Ugamisi is one of the sources of the Ganga River at Gangotri in the Himalayas of Uttarakhand state. Tehari Dam has been constructed on this river in Uttarakhand. It is 260.5 meters high and is the tallest dam in India.
2) Alakananda :-
This river originates at Gomukh in the Himalayas in the Uttarakhand state and is one of the sources of the Ganges. The Mandakini River originates from the Hima River Chorabari near Kedarnadha in Uttarakhand and joins the Bhagiradhi River at Rudra Prayag.
*Left Bank Tributaries :-
1) Ram Ganga River :-
It is a tributary of river Ganga which flows in the northern continent and Uttar Pradesh. Its total length is 596 km. m. Bareilly is found on its banks. A dam has been constructed for this river at a place called Kalagarh near Jim Corbett National Park in Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, and it is called Ram Ganga Dam.
2) Gomati :-
The Gomati River is a left bank tributary of the Ganges River, originating in the Gomattal region of Nepal and traveling 900 km. m long tear. It joins the Ganges near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh, Sultanpur and Chownapur are located on the banks of this river.
3) Karnali :-
This river, which originates in the Tibetan part of China, is called the Karnali River in Nepal. It is a total of 1,080 km. m long, it is the longest river in Nepal. Ghagra River, the largest tributary of the left bank of the Ganges, is the second largest tributary of the Ganges after the Yamuna.
The city of Faizabad (Ayodhya) is found on the banks of this river, which joins the Ganges in Bihar. Rafti is a left bank tributary of this river. On the banks of the Rafti River lies the city of Gorakhpur, known as the Java of India.
4) Mahakali River :-
The river originates at Kalapani in the Northern Continent and forms the central border between Nepal and India and joins the right bank of the Ghagra River in Uttar Pradesh. This river is known as Sarada River in India, Mahakali River in Nepal and Kaliganga in Northern Continent.
5) Kosi River :-
Kosi River is known as the "River of Tears of Bihar". Kosi river is a tributary of river Ganga. The Sheesha Pangma peak near Nepal in the Himalayas is the source of the Kosi River. Kosi river is 729 km. m is flowing and is called "Aruna River" in Nepal. Kosi Dam has been constructed on this river in collaboration between Nepal and India.
Right Bank Tributaries :-
1) Yamuna River :-
River Yamuna is the largest tributary of river Ganga. The Yamuna River originates at Yamunotri in the Tehari Gadawal district of Uttarakhand near the Himalayas. It flows through Haryana, Delhi, and Madura and Agra in Uttar Pradesh before joining the Ganges at Allahabad (Prayag Raj) and joining the Bay of Bengal. It is also known as Jamuna river.
The length of Yamuna river is 1,376 km. m Ganga and Yamuna river covers an area of 3.71 lakh sq. K. m has an extensive catchment area. Yamuna River is called the sister of Ganga River as it flows parallel to Ganga River and joins in Allahabad. Ganga Yamuna Plain is the most fertile plain in India.
Hathni Barrage :-
It is a dam built on Yamuna river in Yamuna Nagar district of Haryana state. It was built between 1996 and 1999. Two canals have been constructed east and west from this dam, the eastern canal irrigates Uttar Pradesh and the western canal irrigates Haryana.
Left Bank Tributaries of River Yamuna:-
Hindon, Tones, Giri, Rishikanga, Hanuman Ganga & Kaderi
Right Bank Tributaries of Yamuna River :-
Chambal, Betwa, and Ken.
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