HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT)
British Parliament Regulating Act-1773, Pitt's Indian Act-1784, Chart R Act-1833, Government of India Act-1858, Council of India Act-1861, Government of India Act-1919, Government of India Act-1935 were enacted to control the administration of British dominion in India. .
The motive behind the enactment of these Acts was also to bring about some relief as demanded by the Indians. The Indian Independence Act-1947 was framed in order to transfer power to India.
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| Assembly |
Historical background of Regulating Act -1773
By passing the Regulating Act, the British government regulated the affairs of the East India Company in India for the first time. Through this act, the British government for the first time entrusted political and administrative functions to the East India Company. For all these reasons this Act has assumed a great deal of strategic importance. Read More
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| Regulating Assembly |
Historical background of Pitt India Act-1784
The British Parliament passed the Amendment Act 1781 to correct the omission of the Regulating Act. An important act that came into force later was the Pitts India Act-1781 Read More
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| Pitts India act time |
Charter Act - 1793, 1833, 1853 (Historical background of)
*Charter Act - 1793
*Charter Act - 1833
*Charter Act - 1853
The Charter Act of 1853 was the last of the Charter Acts passed by the British Parliament from 1793 to 1853. It has contributed significantly to the development of Koda Bharat Samvidana. The Charter Act of 1853 introduced parliamentary system in India. Read More
Historical background of Government of India Act - 1858
The Government of India Act was enacted in 1858 by the British Parliament as a result of the Sepoy Mutiny in the First War of Independence of 1857. This act was called the Queen's Proclamation. Through this act, Queen Victoria took over the administration of India from her direct successor, the East India Company. That is, through this act, the East India Company was abolished and the administration of India was transferred directly to the British Empire. So this act can be said to be the most important adultery act. Read More
Council of India Act (Historical background of)
*Council of India Act - 1861
*Council of India Act - 1892
*Council of India Act - 1909
The centralized administrative system implemented by the Government of India Act of 1858 created dissatisfaction among the Indians and decentralization was the demand of the Indians. To meet this demand and to bring about the desired change in the administrative system, the British Parliament passed the Indian Council Act, 1861. The Act allowed for the nomination of Indians to the Executive Committee. This allowed Indians to participate in the Indian War for the first time. Hence the Act of 1861 was important for the development of the Indian Constitution.
The National Congress protested that Indians were not given fair representation in the councils established under the 1861 Act. Apart from opposing the system of appointment of the members of the Legislative Councils, the Congress also put forward the demands of the British Government such as electoral system, power of the Council over the respective budget, control of the Legislature over the Executive. In order to fulfill this demand, the Indian Council Act of 1892 was enacted.
The Council of India Act 1909 is known as the Marley-Minto Reforms. Lord Marley was the Secretary for India and Lord Minto was the Viceroy of India when the Act was passed.
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| Minto-Marley |
Historical background of Government of India Act - 1919
The Indian National Congress, which was very active during the First World War, started demanding self-rule. It was promised that Indians would be given self-government after the war if the British cooperated in the war. There was also pressure to rectify the loopholes of the 1909 Act. The Government of India Act 1919 was introduced with the aim of gradually enforcing responsible government in India.
Montego served as the Secretary of State for India and Lord Chelmsford as the Viceroy of India. Hence this act is called as Montague - Chelmsford reform.
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| Montague - Chelmsford |
The Simon Commission was appointed in 1927 to report on the working of the 1919 Act and to recommend reforms where necessary.
Historical background of Government of India Act -1935
Unsatisfied with the provisions of the 1919 Act, Indians urged the British government to implement further reforms. The Congress continued its demand for independence from the British government and started the non-cooperation movement in 1920. In this background, the British government had implemented the Government of India Act-1935 with the aim of reducing the dissatisfaction of the Indians.
This act can be termed as two milestones towards the formation of responsible government. This act is known as the blue map of the Indian Constitution. It is a comprehensive, detailed record of 321 sections and 10 appendices.
Historical background of Indian Independence Act - 1947
The Indian Independence Act of 1947 was the last act imposed by the British in the history of the development of the Indian Constitution. The purpose of this act was to create an independent nation
British Prime Minister Clement Attlee announced on 20 February 1947 that British rule in India would end by June 30, 1948, and then hand over power to Indians. The Muslim League protested against this declaration and raised the demand for partition of the country. On 3 June 1947, Lord Mountbatten, the Viceroy of India, proposed a partition plan. The Congress and the Muslim League both agreed to this plan. Lord Mountbatten completed the plan by enacting the Indian Independence Act 1947.
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| INDIPENDENCE ANNOUNCMENT TIME |
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